hamze hatampouri
Abstract
In this paper, we defend the rule-based interpretation of John Stewart Mill's utilitarianism. First, we will explain briefly this recent and new dualism in the philosophy of utilitarian ethics. In general, Utilitarianists are divided into two categories: Rule-based and action-oriented. This is a recent ...
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In this paper, we defend the rule-based interpretation of John Stewart Mill's utilitarianism. First, we will explain briefly this recent and new dualism in the philosophy of utilitarian ethics. In general, Utilitarianists are divided into two categories: Rule-based and action-oriented. This is a recent division, but in our opinion, Mill's Utilitarian is rule-based. He uses the principle of utility through the intermediation of rules, not direct and immediate and he uses that fundamental principle only when creating rules or contradicting the rules. In order to defend this claim, we first refer to Ermeson’s interpretation and then we will examine seven arguments of adherents and opponents of Mill's rule utilitarianism and in this review, we will amplify the words of supporters like Ermeson and criticize the words of opponents like Crisp. Then we will bring five witnesses to consolidate our claims which according to them, our interpretation of the rule-based utilitarianism of Mill is strengthened and supported.
Kasra Hatam Pouri; Mohammad reza asadi
Abstract
This paper discusses the moral system in Rene Descartes’ thoughts. First, it will be shown that Descartes has undeniable ethical concerns even if we refuse to accept his systematic and coherent moral theory and, more precisely, that he has an independent book in moral philosophy. For instance, ...
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This paper discusses the moral system in Rene Descartes’ thoughts. First, it will be shown that Descartes has undeniable ethical concerns even if we refuse to accept his systematic and coherent moral theory and, more precisely, that he has an independent book in moral philosophy. For instance, in several works he hints at or affirms various principles based on which we can attribute a moral theory to him. Next, we will refer to the nature and structure of Descartes' moral theory. For this purpose, we explain our own interpretation of his moral beliefs and its fundamental elements as we study and criticize other points of view. During the discussion, we will briefly touch the categorization of his moral philosophy in relation with recent classifications in this area. As we will see, it has four fundamental elements: virtue, science, limited knowledge and happiness are four fundamental elements that we think Descartes' ethics containing them and without one of them our interpretation of this issue will be incomplete or even wrong.
